Bibliography for Chapter 13: Diagnostic tests

References

1 Academy of Medical Royal Colleges (2013) Safe Sedation Practice for Healthcare Procedures: Standards and Guidance. Available at: https://www.rcoa.ac.uk/system/files/PUB‐SafeSedPrac2013.pdf
2 Adam, S., Osborne, S. & Welch, J. (eds) (2017) Critical Care Nursing, 3rd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
3 Adlard, K. (2008) Examining the push–pull method of blood sampling from central venous access devices. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 25(4), 200–208. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
4 Ahn, J.I., Jung, H.Y., Bae, S.E., et al. (2013) Proper preparation to reduce endoscopic reexamniation due to food residue after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Surgical Endoscopy, 27(3), 910–917. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
5 Al Knawy, B. & Shiffman, M. (2007) Percutaneous liver biopsy in clinical practice. Liver International, 27(9), 1166–1173. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
6 American Urological Association (2012) Best Practice Policy Statement on Urological Surgery Antimicrobial Prophylaxis. American Urological Association. Available at: https://www.auanet.org/guidelines/antimicrobial‐prophylaxis‐(2008‐reviewed‐and‐validity‐confirmed‐2011‐amended‐2012) | Cite this reference
7 Asai, A., Aoshima, M., Ohkui, Y., et al. (2012) Should blood cultures be performed in terminally ill cancer patients? Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 18(1), 40–44. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
8 Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (2014) Guidelines on Sedation and/or Analgesia for Diagnostic and Interventional Medical, Dental or Surgical Procedures. Available at: https://www.anzca.edu.au/documents/ps09–2014‐guidelines‐on‐sedation‐and‐or‐analgesia
9 Aziz, A.M. (2011) Audit of blood culture technique and documentation to improve practice. British Journal of Nursing, 20(8), 26–34. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
10 Barker, E. & Laia, A. (2008) Neurodiagnostic studies. In: Barker, E.M. (ed) Neuroscience Nursing: A Spectrum of Care, 3rd edn. St Louis, MO: Mosby, pp.99–129. | Cite this reference
11 Bernie, A.M., Ramasamy, R., Stember, D.S. & Stahl, P.J. (2013) Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration: Indications, techniques and outcomes. Asian Journal of Andrology, 15(1), 40–43. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
12 Berreth, M. (2010) Minimising the risk of lymphoedema: Implications for the infusion nurse. INS Newsline, 32(3), 6–7. | Cite this reference
13 Bersten, A.D., Soni, N. & Oh, T.E. (2009) Oh's Intensive Care Manual, 6th edn. Oxford: Butterworth‐Heinemann. | Cite this reference
14 Birk, D. (2009) Human Fertilization and Embryology: The New Law. London: Jordan Publishing. | Cite this reference
15 Blann, A.D. (2007) Routine Blood Results Explained, 2nd edn. Keswick, UK: M&K Update. | Cite this reference
16 BNF (British National Formulary) (2019) British National Formulary. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Available at: https://bnf.nice.org.uk | Cite this reference
17 Bonham, P.A. (2009) Swab cultures for diagnosing wound infections: A literature review and clinical guideline. Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing, 36(4), 389–395. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
18 Borgaonkar, M.R., Hookey, L., Hollingworth, R., et al. (2012) Indicators of safety compromise in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, 26(2), 71–78. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
19 Bottros, M.M. & Christo, P.J. (2014) Current perspectives on intrathecal drug delivery. Journal of Pain Research, 7, 615–626. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
20 Bouza, E., Munoz, P., Burillo, A., et al. (2005) The challenge of anticipating catheter tip colonization in major heart surgery patients in the intensive care unit: Are surface cultures useful? Critical Care Medicine, 33(9), 1953–1960. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
21 Brackett, N., Lynne, C., Ibrahim, E., et al. (2010) Treatment of infertility in men with spinal cord injury. Nature Reviews: Urology, 7(3), 162–172. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
22 Brinsden, P.R. (2005) Textbook of In Vitro Fertilization and Assisted Reproduction: The Bourn Hall Guide to Clinical and Laboratory Practice, 3rd edn. London: Taylor & Francis. | Cite this reference
23 British Association of Urological Surgeons (2013) Multi‐disciplinary Team (MDT) Guidance for Managing Bladder Cancer, 2nd edn. London: BAUS.
24 Brooks, G.F., Carroll, K.C., Butel, J.S., et al. (2010) Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 25th edn. Philadelphia: McGraw‐Hill. | Cite this reference
25 Brzezinski, M., Luisetti, T. & London, M.J. (2009) Radial artery cannulation: A comprehensive review of recent anatomic and physiologic investigations. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 109(6), 1763–1781. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
26 BSG (British Society of Gastroenterology) (2003) Guidelines on Safety and Sedation during Endoscopic Procedures. Available at: https://www.bsg.org.uk/resource/guidelines‐on‐safety‐and‐sedation‐for‐endoscopic‐procedures.html
27 BSG (2004) Guidelines on the Use of Liver Biopsy in Clinical Practice. Available at: https://www.bsg.org.uk/resource/bsg‐guidelines‐on‐the‐use‐of‐liver‐biopsy‐in‐clinical‐practice.html
28 BSG (2005) Non‐medical Endoscopists. Available at: https://www.bsg.org.uk/resource/non‐medical‐endoscopists.html
29 BSG (2007) BSG Quality and Safety Indicators for Endoscopy. Available at: https://www.thejag.org.uk/Downloads/Accreditation/Guidance%20‐%20BSG%20Quality%20and%20Safety%20Indicators.pdf
30 Cataldo, M.A., Tacconelli, E., Grilli, E., et al. (2012) Continuous versus intermittent infusion of vancomycin for the treatment of gram‐positive infections: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 67, 17–24. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
31 Catton, J.A., Dobbins, B.M., Kite, P., et al. (2005) In situ diagnosis of intravascular catheter‐related bloodstream infection: A comparison of quantitative culture, differential time to positivity, and endoluminal brushing. Critical Care Medicine, 33(4), 787–791. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
32 Chernecky, C.C. & Berger, B.J. (2013) Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures, 6th edn. St Louis, MO: Elsevier. | Cite this reference
33 Choi, C.H. (2012) Safety and prevention of complications in endoscopic sedation. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 57, 1745–1747. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
34 Chowet, A.L., Lopez, J.R., Brock‐Utne, J.G. & Jaffe, R.A. (2004) Wrist hyperextension leads to median nerve conduction block: Implications for intra‐arterial catheter placement. Anesthesiology, 100 (2), 287–291. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
35 Coburn, B., Morris, A.M., Tomlinson, G. & Detsky, A.S. (2012) Does this adult with suspected bacteremia require blood cultures? JAMA, 300(5), 502–511. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
36 Connor, A., Tolan, D., Hughes, S., et al. (2012) Consensus Guidelines for the Safe Prescription and Administration of Oral Bowel‐Cleansing Agents. Available at: https://www.rcr.ac.uk/docs/radiology/pdf/obca_12.pdf
37 Coward, M. & Cooley, H.M. (2006) Chemotherapy. In: Kearney, N. & Richardson, A. (eds) Nursing Patients with Cancer: Principles and Practice. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, pp.283–302. | Cite this reference
38 Crawshaw, M. & Hale, J. (2005) Sperm storage and the adolescent male: A multi‐disciplinary approach. Human Fertility, 8(3), 175–176. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
39 Dabaja, A. & Schlegel, P. (2012) Microdissection testicular sperm extraction: An update. Asian Journal of Andrology, 15, 35–39. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
40 Damani, N. (2012) Manual of Infection Prevention and Control, 3rd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | Cite this reference
41 Danckers, M. & Fried, E.D. (2013) Arterial Blood Gas Sampling. Available at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1902703‐overview
42 de Verteuil, A. (2011) Procedures for venepuncture and cannulation. In: Phillips, S., Collins, M. & Dougherty, L. (eds) Venepuncture and Cannulation. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 131–174. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
43 Denzer, U., Arnoldy, A., Kanzler, S., et al. (2007) Prospective randomised comparison of minilaparoscopy and percutaneous liver biopsy: Diagnosis of cirrhosis and complications. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 41(1), 103–110. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
44 DH (Department of Health) (2007) Saving Lives: Reducing Infection, Delivering Clean and Safe Health Care – High Impact Intervention No.6: Urinary Catheter Care Bundle. Available at: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_078134
45 DH (2008) Updated National Guidance on the Safe Administration of Intrathecal Chemotherapy. London: Department of Health.
46 DH (2010) Clean Safe Care: High Impact Intervention – Taking Blood Cultures: A Summary of Best Practice. London: Department of Health. | Cite this reference
47 DH (2012) The ‘Never Events’ List 2012/13. London: Department of Health. | Cite this reference
48 DH (2013) Environment and Sustainability: Health Technical Memorandum 07–01 – Safe Management of Healthcare Waste. London: Department of Health. | Cite this reference
49 Di Teodoro, L.I., Pudhota, S.G., Vega K.J., et al. (2013) Ultrasound marking by gastroenterologists prior to percutaneous liver biopsy removes the need for a separate radiological evaluation. Hepato‐Gastroenterology, 60, 821–824. | Cite this reference
50 Doherty, C.M. & Forbes, R.B. (2014) Diagnostic lumbar puncture. Ulster Medical Journal, 83(2), 93–102. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
51 Dojcinovska, M. (2011) Selection of equipment. In: Phillips, S., Collins, M. & Dougherty, L. (eds) Venepuncture and Cannulation. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, pp.68–90. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
52 Dougherty, L. (2006) Central Venous Access Devices: Care and Management. Oxford: Blackwell. | Cite this reference
53 Dougherty, L. (2008) Obtaining peripheral venous access. In: Dougherty, L. & Lamb, J. (eds) Intravenous Therapy in Nursing Practice, 2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp.225–270. | Cite this reference
54 Dougherty, L., Lister, S. & McNamara, L. (eds) (2019) The Royal Marsden Manual of Cancer Nursing Procedures. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell. | Cite this reference
55 Egan, S., Murphy, P.G., Fennell, J.P., et al. (2012) Using Six Sigma to improve once daily gentamicin dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring performance. BMJ Quality & Safety, 21, 1042–1051. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
56 Engelborghs, S., Niemantsverdriet, E., Struyfs, H., et al. (2017) Consensus guidelines for lumbar puncture in patients with neurological diseases. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring, 8, 111–126. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
57 Esteves, S., Lee, W., David, B., et al. (2013) Reproductive potential of men with obstructive azoospermia undergoing percutaneous sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection according to the cause of obstruction. Journal of Urology, 189(1), 232–237. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
58 European Biosafety Network (2010) Prevention of Sharps Injuries in the Hospital and Healthcare Sector. Available at: https://www.europeanbiosafetynetwork.eu/wp‐content/uploads/2017/01/EU‐Sharps‐Injuries‐Implementation‐Guidance.pdf
59 European Parliament and European Council (2004) Directive 2004/23/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 31 March 2004 on Setting Standards of Quality and Safety for the Donation, Procurement, Testing, Processing, Preservation, Storage and Distribution of Human Tissues and Cells [European Union Tissues and Cells Directive]. Brussels: European Parliament. | Cite this reference
60 Faoagali, J. (2010) ‘Swabs’ then and now: Cotton to flocked nylon. Microbiology Australia, September, 133–136.
61 Fillingham, S. & Douglas, J. (2004) Urological Nursing, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Baillière Tindall. | Cite this reference
62 Fraise, A.P. & Bradley, T. (2009) Ayliffe's Control of Healthcare‐Associated Infection: A Practical Handbook, 5th edn. London: Hodder Arnold. | Cite this reference
63 Gabriel, J. (2008) Long‐term central venous access. In: Dougherty, L. & Lamb, J. (eds) Intravenous Therapy in Nursing Practice, 2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell, pp.321–351. | Cite this reference
64 Gannon, K., Glover, L. & Able, P. (2004) Masculinity, infertility, stigma and media reports. Social Science & Medicine, 59(6), 1169–1175. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
65 Garza, D. & Becan‐McBride, K. (2013) Phlebotomy Simplified, 2nd edn. Hoboken, NJ: Pearson Education. | Cite this reference
66 Garza, D. & Becan‐McBride, K. (2018) Phlebotomy Handbook: Blood Specimen Collection from Basic to Advanced, 10th edn. Hoboken, NJ: Pearson Education. | Cite this reference
67 Gemmell, L., Birks, R., Radford, P., et al. (2008) AAGBI safety guideline: Infection control in anaesthesia. Anaesthesia, 63, 1027–1036. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
68 Gilbar, P.J. (2014) Intrathecal chemotherapy: Potential for medical error. Cancer Nursing, 37(4), 299–309. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
69 GMC (General Medical Council) (2013) Intimate Examinations and Chaperones. Available at: https://www.gmc‐uk.org/‐/media/documents/maintaining‐boundaries‐intimate‐examinations‐and‐chaperones_pdf‐58835231.pdf?la=en
70 Gong, D., Liu, Y.L., Zheng, Z., et al. (2009) An overview on ethical issues about sperm donation. Asian Journal of Andrology, 11, 645–652. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
71 Goossens, G.A. (2015) Flushing and locking of venous catheters: Available evidence and evidence deficit. Nursing Research and Practice, 2015, 1–12. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
72 Goossens, G.A., Jérôme, M., Janssens, C., et al. (2013) Comparing normal saline versus diluted heparin to lock non‐valved totally implantable venous access devices in cancer patients: A randomised, non‐inferiority, open trial. Annals of Oncology, 24(7), 1892–1899. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
73 Gorski, L. (2011) Infusion nursing standards of practice. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 34, S2–S3. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
74 Gorski, L., Perucca, R. & Hunter, M. (2010) Central venous access devices: Care, maintenance, and potential problems. In: Alexander, M., Corrigan, A., Gorski, L., et al. (eds) Infusion Nursing: An Evidence‐Based Approach, 3rd edn. St Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier, pp.495–515. | Cite this reference
75 Gould, D. & Brooker, C. (2008) Infection Prevention and Control: Applied Microbiology for Healthcare, 2nd edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
76 Greil, A., Slausen‐Blevens, K. & McQuillan, J. (2010) The experience of infertility: A review of recent literature. Sociology of Health & Illness, 32(1), 140–162. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
77 Gruener, G. & Biller, J. (2008) Spinal cord anatomy, localization, and overview of spinal cord syndromes. Continuum, 14(3), 11–35. | Cite this reference
78 Guest, J. (2008) Specimen collection: Part 5 – Obtaining a sputum sample. Nursing Times, 104(21), 26–27. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
79 Hammarberg, K., Baker, H. & Fisher, J. (2010) Men's experiences of infertility and infertility treatment 5 years after diagnosis of male factor infertility: A retrospective cohort study. Human Reproduction, 25(11), 2815–2820. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
80 Hammett‐Stabler, C.A. & Johns, T. (1998) Laboratory guidelines for monitoring of antimicrobial drugs: National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry. Clinical Chemistry, 44(5), 1129–1140. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
81 Hampson, G.D. (2006) Practice Nurse Handbook, 5th edn. Oxford: Blackwell. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
82 Hess, S. & Decker, M. (2017) Comparison of the single‐syringe push–pull technique with the discard technique for obtaining blood samples from pediatric central venous access devices. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 34(6), 381–386. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
83 HFEA (Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority) (2017) Code of Practice, 8th edn. Available at: https://www.hfea.gov.uk/media/2062/2017‐10‐02‐code‐of‐practice‐8th‐edition‐full‐version‐11th‐revision‐final‐clean.pdf
84 Higgins, C. (2013) Understanding Laboratory Investigations for Nurses and Health Professionals, 3rd edn. Oxford: Blackwell. | Cite this reference
85 Higgins, D. (2008a) Specimen collection: Obtaining a midstream specimen of urine. Nursing Times, 104(17), 26–27. | Cite this reference
86 Higgins, D. (2008b) Specimen collection: Part 3 – Collecting a stool specimen. Nursing Times, 104(19), 22–23. | Cite this reference
87 Himberger, J.R. & Himberger, L.C. (2001) Accuracy of drawing blood through infusing intravenous lines. Heart & Lung, 30(1), 66–73. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
88 Hoeltke, L.B. (2018) The Complete Textbook of Phlebotomy, 5th edn. Boston: Delmar Cengage Learning. | Cite this reference
89 Hooton, T.M., Bradley, S.F., Cardens, D.D., et al. (2010) Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter‐associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 50(5), 625–663. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
90 HPA (Health Protection Agency) (2014a) UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations: Investigation of Blood Cultures (for Organisms other than Mycobacterium Species). London: Health Protection Agency. | Cite this reference
91 HPA (2014b) UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations: Investigation of Genital Tract and Associated Specimens. Available at: www.hpa.org.uk/webc/hpawebfile/hpaweb_c/1317132861109
92 HPA (2014c) UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations: Investigation of Faecal Specimens for Enteric Pathogens. Available at: www.hpa.org.uk/webc/hpawebfile/hpaweb_c/1317132856754
93 HPA (2018) UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations: Processing of Faeces for Clostridium difficile. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/758284/B_10i1.7.pdf
94 HSE (Health and Safety Executive) (2003) Safe Working and the Prevention of Infection in Clinical Laboratories and Similar Facilities, 2nd edn. Sudbury, UK: HSE Books. | Cite this reference
95 HSE (2005) Biological Agents: Managing the Risks in Laboratories and Healthcare Premises. Sudbury: HSE Books. | Cite this reference
96 HSE (2013) Health and Safety (Sharp Instruments in Healthcare) Regulations 2013. London: Health and Safety Executive. | Cite this reference
97 Huddleston Cross, H. (2014) Obtaining a wound swab culture specimen. Nursing, 44(7), 68–69. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
98 Hudson, T.L., Dukes, S.F. & Reilly, K. (2006) Use of local anesthesia for arterial punctures. American Journal of Critical Care, 15, 595–599. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
99 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act (1990) Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/37/contents
100 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act (2008) Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/22/contents
101 Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Quality and Safety) Regulations (2017) Department of Health. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/598616/HFE_Act_consultation_document_A.pdf
102 Husband, J.E. & Reznek, R.H. (2010) Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 3rd edn. London: Informa Healthcare. | Cite this reference
103 Huth, M.E., Ricci, A.J. & Cheng, A.G. (2011) Mechanisms of aminoglycoside ototoxicity and targets of hair cell protection. International Journal of Otolaryngology, 2011, 1–19. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
104 IBMS (Institute of Biomedical Science) (2016) Patient Sample and Request Form Identification Criteria. Available at: https://www.ibms.org/resources/documents/patient‐sample‐and‐request‐form‐identification‐criteria
105 Insinga, R.P., Glass, A.G. & Rush, B.B. (2004) Diagnoses and outcomes in cervical cancer screening: A population based study. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 191, 105–113. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
106 Inwood, S. (2007) Skin antisepsis: Using 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol. British Journal of Nursing, 16(22), 1390, 1392–1394. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
107 Ionizing Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (2017) Available at: www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/1322/made
108 Jackson, S.R., Dryden, M., Gillett, P. et al. (2005) A novel midstream urine‐collection device reduces the contamination rates in urine cultures amongst women. BJU International, 96, 360–364. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
109 Johannes, R.S. (2008) Epidemiology of early‐onset bloodstream infection and implications for treatment. American Journal of Infection Control, 36(10), S171.e13–S171.e17. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
110 Jones, R.N. (2006) Microbiological features of vancomycin in the 21st century: Minimum inhibitory concentration creep, bactericidal/static activity, and applied breakpoints to predict clinical outcomes or detect resistant strains. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 42(Suppl. 1), S13–S24. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
111 Kang, H. & Hyun, J.J. (2013) Preparation and patient evaluation for safe gastrointestinal endoscopy. Clinical Endoscopy, 46(3), 212–218. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
112 Karamshi, M. (2008) Performing a percutaneous liver biopsy in parenchymal liver diseases. British Journal of Nursing, 9(17), 746–752. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
113 Kee, P.P., Chinnappan, M., Nair, A., et al. (2016) Diagnostic yield of timing blood culture collection relative to fever. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 35(8), 846–850. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
114 Keogh, J. (2017) Nursing, Laboratory & Diagnostic Tests, 2nd edn. New York: McGraw‐Hill. | Cite this reference
115 Keshava, S., Mammen, T., Surendrababu, N.R.S. & Moses, V. (2008) Transjugular liver biopsy: What to do and what not to do. Interventional Radiology Symposium, 18(3), 245–248. | Cite this reference
116 Kierszenbaum, A.L. & Tres, L.L. (2016) Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology, 4th edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier. | Cite this reference
117 Kim, H.T. (2013) Arterial puncture and cannulation. In: Roberts, J.R. & Hedges, J.R. (eds) Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine, 6th edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, pp.368–384. | Cite this reference
118 Korenstein, D., Falk, R., Howell, E.A., et al. (2012) Overuse of health care services in the United States: An understudied problem. Archives of Internal Medicine, 172(2), 171–178. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
119 Kumar, A.H.D., Srinivasan, N.M., Thakkar, J.M. & Mathew, S. (2013) A prospective observational study of the outcome of central venous catheterization in 100 patients. Anesthesia Essays and Researches, 7(1), 71–75. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
120 Kumar, P.J. & Clark, M.L. (2016) Kumar & Clark's Clinical Medicine, 9th edn. Edinburgh: Saunders/Elsevier. | Cite this reference
121 Kyle, G. (2007) Bowel care: Part 3 – Obtaining a stool sample. Nursing Times, 103(44), 24–25. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
122 Lambregts, D.M., Maas, M., Cappendijk, V.C., et al. (2011) Whole‐body diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging: Current evidence in oncology and potential role in colorectal cancer staging. European Journal of Cancer, 47(14), 2107–2116. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
123 Lee, A., Mirrett, S., Reller, L.B. & Weinstein, M.P. (2007) Detection of bloodstream infections in adults: How many blood cultures are needed? Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 45(11), 3546–3548. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
124 Lee, S.C.M. & Lueck, C.J. (2014) Cerebrospinal fluid pressure in adults. Journal of Neuro‐Opthalmology, 34, 278–283. | Cite this reference
125 Lin, C., Luciani, A., Itti, E., et al. (2012) Whole‐body diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of lymphoma. Cancer Imaging, 12(2), 403–408. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
126 Lindsay, K.W., Bone, I. & Fuller, G. (2010) Neurology and Neurosurgery Illustrated, 5th edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. | Cite this reference
127 Lipsitz, E.C. (2004) Cannulation injuries of the radial artery. American Journal of Critical Care, 13(4), 314, 319. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
128 Loveday, H.P., Wilson, J.A., Pratt, R.J., et al. (2014) epic3: National evidence‐based guidelines for preventing healthcare‐associated infections in NHS hospitals in England. Journal of Hospital Infection, 86(Suppl. 1), S1–S70. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
129 Lowdin, E., Odenholt, I. & Cars, O. (1998) In vitro studies of pharmacodynamic properties of vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 42, 2739–2744. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
130 MacKay, G.J., Dorrance, H.R., Molloy, R.G. & O'Dwyer, P.J. (2010) Colorectal Surgery. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
131 MacKie, R.M. (2003) Clinical Dermatology, 5th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | Cite this reference
132 Madeo, M. & Barlow, G. (2008) Reducing blood‐culture contamination rates by the use of a 2% chlorhexidine solution applicator in acute admission units. Journal of Hospital Infection, 69(3), 307–309. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
133 Mahon, C.R., Lehman, D.C. & Manuselis, G. (2015) Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, 5th edn. Philadelphia: Saunders. | Cite this reference
134 Mandal, A. (2010) Semen Physiology. Medical Life Sciences. Available at: www.news‐medical.net/health/Semen‐Physiology.aspx | Cite this reference
135 Marieb, E.N. & Hoehn, K. (2015) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 10th edn. San Francisco: Pearson. | Cite this reference
136 Martin, E.A. (2010) Concise Colour Medical Dictionary, 5th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | Cite this reference
137 Masoompour, S.M., Anushiravani, A. & Norouz, A.T. (2015) Evaluation of the effect of nebulized N‐acetylcysteine on respiratory secretions in mechanically ventilated patients: Randomized clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Medical Science, 40(4), 309–315. | Cite this reference
138 McCall, R.E. & Tankersley, C.M. (2016) Phlebotomy Essentials, 6th edn. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
139 McRobbie, D.W. (2007) MRI from Picture to Proton, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | Cite this reference
140 McSwain, S.D. & Yeager, B.E. (2015) Reducing pain of arterial punctures. Respiratory Care, 60(1), 141–143. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
141 Mendez, S.J. (2012) Evidence‐based practice for obtaining blood specimens from a central venous access device. Oncology Nursing Forum, 39(3), 247–251. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
142 Mescher, A.L. (2016) Basic Histology: Text and Atlas, 14th edn. London: McGraw‐Hill Medical. | Cite this reference
143 Meseguer, M., Garrido, N., Remohí, J., et al. (2003) Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and ICSI in patients with permanent azoospermia after chemotherapy. Human Reproduction, 18(6), 1281–1285. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
144 MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency) (2005) Reporting Adverse Incidents and Disseminating Medical Device Alerts. London: Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. | Cite this reference
145 MHRA (2012) All Medical Devices and Medicinal Products Containing Chlorhexidine. London: Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. | Cite this reference
146 MHRA (2013) Custom Portex® Epidural and Spinal Kits. Available at: www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/fsn/documents/fieldsafetynotice/con239406.pdf
147 Miller, J.M., Binnicker, M.J., Campbell, S., et al. (2018) A guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2018 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiology. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 67(6), e1–e94. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
148 Mirza, B., Vanek, V. & Kupensky, D.T. (2004) Pinch‐off syndrome: Case report and collective review of the literature. American Journal of Surgery, 70, 635–644. | Cite this reference
149 Moise‐Broder, P.A., Forrest, A., Birmingham, M.C., et al. (2004) Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin and other antimicrobials in patients with Staphylococcus aureus lower respiratory tract infections. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 43, 925–942. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
150 Mulhall, J. (2013) Physiology of ejaculation. In: Mulhall, J., Applegarth, L., Oates, R. & Schlegel, P. (eds) Fertility Preservation in Male Cancer Patients. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.35–38. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
151 Murray, P.R. & Masur, H. (2012) Current approaches to the diagnosis of bacterial fungal bloodstream infections in the ITU. Critical Care Medicine, 40(12), 3277–3282. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
152 Myers, F.E. & Reyes, C. (2011) Blood cultures: 5 steps to doing it right. Nursing, 41(3), 62–63. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
153 NHS BCSP (Bowel Cancer Screening Programme) (2018) Bowel Cancer Screening: Programme Overview. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/bowel‐cancer‐screening‐programme‐overview
154 NHS Employers (2015) Managing the Risk of Sharps Injuries. London: NHS Employers. | Cite this reference
155 NHS England and NHSI (NHS Improvement) (2019) Standard Infection Control Precautions: National Hand Hygiene and Personal Protective Equipment Policy. Available at: https://improvement.nhs.uk/documents/4957/National_policy_on_hand_hygiene_and_PPE_2.pdf
156 NHS Pathology (2014) Samples and Request Forms. Previously available at: www.nhspathology.fph.nhs.uk/Core‐Service/TestDirectory/General_Information_Samples_and_Request_Forms.aspx
157 NHSBT (NHS Blood and Transplant) (2011) Blood and Transplant Matters. Watford: NHS Blood and Transplant. | Cite this reference
158 NHSBT (2012) Blood and Transplant Matters. Watford: NHS Blood and Transplant. | Cite this reference
159 NHSCSP (NHS Cancer Screening Programmes) (2013) Achievable Standards, Benchmarks for Reporting, and Criteria for Evaluating Cervical Cytopathology, 3rd edn. Sheffield: NHS Cancer Screening Programmes. | Cite this reference
160 NHSCSP (2016a) NHS Cervical Screening Programme: Colposcopy and Programme Managment. Available at: https://www.bsccp.org.uk/assets/file/uploads/resources/NHSCSP_20_Colposcopy_and_Programme_Management_(3rd_Edition)_(2).pdf
161 NHSCSP (2016b) NHS Cervical Screening Programme Guidance for the Training of Cervical Sample Takers. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/577158/NHS_Cervical_Screening_Progamme_‐_guidance_for_cervical_sample_takers.pdf
162 NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) (2003) Guidance on the Use of Liquid‐Based Cytology for Cervical Screening. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. | Cite this reference
163 NICE (2013) Fertility Problems: Assessment and Treatment. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg156/resources/fertility‐problems‐assessment‐and‐treatment‐pdf‐35109634660549
164 NICE (2017) Sepsis: Recognition, Diagnosis and Early Management. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng51/resources/sepsis‐recognition‐diagnosis‐and‐early‐management‐pdf‐1837508256709
165 NMC (Nursing and Midwifery Council) (2018) The Code: Professional Standards of Practice and Behaviour for Nurses, Midwives and Nursing Associates. Available at: https://www.nmc.org.uk/standards/code
166 NPSA (National Patient Safety Agency) (2007a) Standardising Wristbands Improves Patient Safety. London: National Patient Safety Agency. | Cite this reference
167 NPSA (2007b) Promoting the Safer Use of Injectable Medicines. London: National Patient Safety Agency. | Cite this reference
168 NPSA (2008a) Infusions and Sampling from Arterial Lines. London: National Patient Safety Agency. | Cite this reference
169 NPSA (2008b) Reducing Risk of Overdose with Midazolam Injection in Adults. London: National Patient Safety Agency. | Cite this reference
170 NPSA (2009) Reducing Risk of Harm from Oral Bowel Cleansing Solutions. London: National Patient Safety Agency. | Cite this reference
171 NPSA (2011) Safer Spinal (Intrathecal), Epidural and Regional Devices. London: National Patient Safety Agency. | Cite this reference
172 O'Flynn, E.A.M., Wilson, A.R.M. & Michell, M.J. (2010) Image‐guided breast biopsy: State‐of‐the‐art. Clinical Radiology, 65(4), 259–270. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
173 O'Hare, D. & Chilvers, R.J. (2001) Arterial blood sampling practices in intensive care units in England and Wales. Anaesthesia, 56, 568–584. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
174 Osborne, S. (2017) Cardiovascular problems. In: Adam, S., Osborne, S. & Welch, J. (eds) Critical Care Nursing, 3rd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.143–226. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
175 Owens, R.C. Jr. & Shorr, A.F. (2009) Rational dosing of antimicrobial agents: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic strategies. American Journal of Health‐System Pharmacy, 66(12 Suppl. 4), S23–S30. | Cite this reference
176 Pacey, A. & Eiser, C. (2011) Banking sperm is only the first of many decisions for men: What healthcare professionals and men need to know. Human Fertility, 14(4), 208–217. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
177 Pagana, K.D. & Pagana, T.J. (2017) Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests, 6th edn. St Louis, MO: Elsevier. | Cite this reference
178 Pagkalis, S., Mantadakis, E., Mavros, M.N., et al. (2011) Pharmacological considerations for the proper clinical use of aminoglycosides. Drugs, 71(17), 2277–2294. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
179 Panceri, M.L., Vegni, F.E., Goglio, A., et al. (2004) Aetiology and prognosis of bacteraemia in Italy. Epidemiology & Infection, 132(4), 647–654. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
180 Pannu, N. & Nadim, M.K. (2008) An overview of drug‐induced acute kidney injury. Critical Care Medicine, 36(4 Suppl.), S216–S223. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
181 Panpradist, N., Toley, B.J., Zhang, X., et al. (2014) Swab sample transfer for point‐of‐care diagnostics: Characterization of swab types and manual agitation methods. PLOS ONE, 9(9), e105786. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
182 Pellowe, C. (2009) Using evidence‐based guidelines to reduce catheter related urinary tract infections in England. Journal of Infection Prevention, 10(2), 44–49. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
183 Pendharkar, S.R. & Tremblay, A.T. (2007) A diagnostic approach to pleural effusion: Guidance on how to identify the cause. Journal of Respiratory Diseases, 28(12), 565–572. | Cite this reference
184 PHE (Public Health England) (2014) UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations: Investigation of Faecal Specimens for Enteric Pathogens. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/smi‐b‐30‐investigation‐of‐faecal‐specimens‐for‐enteric‐pathogens
185 PHE (2015a) UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations: Investigation of Throat Related Specimens. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/423204/B_9i9.pdf
186 PHE (2015b) UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations: Investigation of Nasal Samples. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/394716/B_5i7.1.pdf
187 PHE (2017) UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations: Investigation of Genital Tract and Associated Specimens. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/611011/B_28i4.6.pdf
188 PHE (2018a) UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations: Investigation of Blood Cultures (for Organisms other than Mycobacterium Species). https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/732278/B37i8.1.odt
189 PHE (2018b) UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations: Investigation of Specimens for Screening for MRSA. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/674688/B_29i6_under_review.pdf
190 PHE (2018c) Investigation of Urine: BSOP 41 – Issue 7. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/smi‐b‐41‐investigation‐of‐urine
191 PHE (2018d) Investigation for Bronchovascular Lavage, Sputum and Associated Specimens: BSOP57 – Issue 2.3. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/smi‐b‐57‐investigation‐of‐bronchoalveolar‐lavage‐sputum‐and‐associated‐specimens
192 PHE (2018e) Investigation of Fluids from Normally Sterile Sites. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/smi‐b‐26‐investigation‐of‐fluids‐from‐normally‐sterile‐sites
193 PHE (2019) NHS Cervical Screening: Cytology Reporting Failsafe (Primary HPV). Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cervical‐screening‐cytology‐reporting‐failsafe/cervical‐screening‐failsafe‐guidance
194 Philomina, B. (2009) Role of respiratory samples in the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections. Pulmonology, 11(1), 12–14. | Cite this reference
195 Pikis, S., Cohen, J.E., Gomori, J., et al. (2013) Cauda equina syndrome after spinal epidural steroid injection into an unrecognized paraganglioma. Clinical Journal of Pain, 29(12), e39–e41. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
196 Prestwich, R.J., Sykes, J., Carey, B., et al. (2012) Improving target definition for head and neck radiotherapy: A place for magnetic resonance imaging and 18‐fluoride fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography? Clinical Oncology, 24(8), 577–589. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
197 Qaseem, A., Alguire, P., Dallas, P., et al. (2012) Appropriate use of screening and diagnostic tests to foster high‐value, cost‐conscious care. Annals of Internal Medicine, 156(2), 147–149. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
198 Quincke, H. (1891) Verhandlungen des Congresses für Innere Medizin, Zehnter Congress. Wiesbaden, 10, 321–331. | Cite this reference
199 RCN (Royal College of Nursing) (2010) Standards for Infusion Therapy, 3rd edn. London: Royal College of Nursing. | Cite this reference
200 RCN (2012) Wipe It Out: Essential Practice for Infection Prevention and Control: Guidance for Nursing Staff. London: Royal College of Nursing. | Cite this reference
201 RCN (2013) Cervical Screening: RCN Guidance for Good Practice. London: Royal College of Nursing. | Cite this reference
202 RCN (2017a) Principles of Consent: Guidance for Nursing Staff. Available at: https://www.rcn.org.uk/professional‐development/publications/pub‐006047
203 RCN (2017b) Essential Practice for Infection Prevention and Control: Guidance for Nursing Staff. Available at: https://www.rcn.org.uk/professional‐development/publications/pub‐005940
204 RCN (2018) Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Cervical Screening and Cervical Cancer. London: Royal College of Nursing. | Cite this reference
205 RCP, RCR & RCOG (Royal College of Physicians, Royal College of Radiologists & Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists) (2007) The Effects of Cancer Treatment on Reproductive Functions: Guidance on Management. Available at: https://www.rcr.ac.uk/system/files/publication/field_publication_files/Cancer_fertility_effects_Jan08.pdf
206 Rhodes, A., Evan, L.E., Alhazzani, W., et al. (2017) Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive Care Medicine, 43(3), 304–377. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
207 Riedel, S., Bourbeau, P., Swartz, B., et al. (2008) Timing of specimen collection for blood cultures from febrile patients with bacteremia. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 46(4), 1381–1385. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
208 Riley, S.A. (2008) Colonocopic Polypectomy and Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: A Practical Guide. British Society of Gastroenterology. Available at: https://www.bsg.org.uk/resource/colonoscopic‐polypectomy‐and‐endoscopic‐mucosal‐resection‐‐a‐practical‐guide.html | Cite this reference
209 Roberts, J., Norris, R., Paterson, D.L. & Martin, J.H. (2011) Therapeutic drug monitoring of antimicrobials. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 73(1), 27–36. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
210 Robinson, S., Harris, A., Atkinson, S., et al. (2017) The administration of blood components: A British Society for Haematology guideline. Transfusion Medicine, 28(1), 3–21. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
211 Royal College of Radiologists (2010) Standards for Intravascular Contrast Agent Administration to Adult Patients. London: Royal College of Radiologists. | Cite this reference
212 Royal College of Radiologists (2012) iRefer: Making the Best Use of Clinical Radiology. London: Royal College of Radiologists. | Cite this reference
213 Royal College of Radiologists, Health Protection Agency & College of Radiographers (2009) Protection of Pregnant Patients during Diagnostic Medical Exposures to Ionizing Radiation. Available at: https://www.rcr.ac.uk/system/files/publication/field_publication_files/HPA_preg_2nd.pdf
214 Runge, V.M., Nitz, W.R. & Schmeets, S.H. (2009) The Physics of Clinical MR Taught through Images, 2nd edn. New York: Thieme. | Cite this reference
215 Russian, C.J., Gonzales, J.F. & Henry, N.R.H. (2014) Suction catheter size: An assessment and comparison of 3 different calculation methods. Respiratory Care, 59(1), 32–38. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
216 Rybak, M., Lomaestro, B., Rotschafer, J.C., et al. (2009) Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in adult patients: A consensus review of the American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. American Journal of Health‐System Pharmacy, 66, 82–98. | Cite this reference
217 Saied, N., Chopra, A. & Agarwal, B. (2012) Parenteral erythromycin for potential use to empty retained gastric contents encountered during upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. Open Journal of Gastroenterology, 2, 119–123. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
218 Saint, S. & Lipsky, B.A. (1999) Preventing catheter‐related bacteriuria. Archives of Internal Medicine, 159, 800–808. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
219 Schlegel, P. (1999) Testicular sperm extraction: Microdissection improves sperm yield with minimal tissue excision. Human Reproduction, 14(1), 131–135. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
220 Schmidt, L., Christensen, U. & Holstein, B.E. (2005) The social epidemiology of coping with infertility. Human Reproduction, 20(4), 1044–1052. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
221 Schneeberger, C., van den Heuvel, E.R., Erwich, J.J., et al. (2013) Contamination rates of three urine‐sampling methods to assess bacteriuria in pregnant women. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 121, 299–305. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
222 Schneider, V.F. (2013) Lumbar puncture. In: Dehn, R. & Asprey, D.P. (eds) Essential Clinical Procedures, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, pp.146–155. | Cite this reference
223 Schuiling, K.D. & Likis, F.E. (2013) Women's Gynecological Health, 2nd edn. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. | Cite this reference
224 Sha, S. (2005) Physiological and molecular pathology of aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Volta Review, 105(3), 325–335. | Cite this reference
225 Shaw, M. (2001) Competence and consent to treatment in children and adolescents. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 7, 150–159. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
226 Shaw, M., Lee, A. & Stollery, A. (2010) Ophthalmic Nursing, 4th edn. Oxford: Blackwell. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
227 Shellock, F.G. & Spinazzi, A. (2008) MRI safety update 2008: Part 2 – Screening patients for MRI. American Journal of Roentgenology, 191(4), 1140–1149. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
228 Shore, A. & Sandoe, J. (2008) Blood cultures. BMJ, 16(4), 324–325. | Cite this reference
229 SIGN (2008) Management of Acute Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A National Guideline. Edinburgh: NHS Quality Improvement Scotland. Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/646b/ed5610e7030ea0fccad8d8d5897137682962.pdf | Cite this reference
230 Singh, S., van Herwijnen, I. & Phillips, C. (2013) The management of lower urogenital changes in the menopause. Menopause International, 19(2), 77–81. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
231 Smith, G.D. & Watson, R. (2005) Gastrointestinal Nursing. Oxford: Blackwell. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
232 Sousa, B., Furlanetta, J., Hutka, M., et al. (2015) Central venous access in oncology: ESMO clinical practice guidelines. Annals of Oncology, 26(5), 152–168. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
233 Stuart, M. & White, M. (2012) Consent. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, 13(4), 141–144. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
234 Suissa, A., Bentur, S., Lachter, J., et al. (2012) Outcome and complications of colonoscopy: A prospective multicenter study in northern Israel. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, 2012, 612542. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
235 Swan, E. (2005) Colorectal Cancer. London: Whurr. | Cite this reference
236 Tacconelli, E. (2009) Antimicrobial use: Risk driver of multidrug resistant microorganisms in healthcare settings. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 22(4), 352–358. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
237 Tannapfel, A., Dienes, H.P. & Lohse, A.W. (2012) The indications for liver biopsy. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 109(27/28), 477–483. Pubmed link | Cite this reference
238 Taylor, I., van Cutsem, E. & Garcia‐Aguilar, J. (2009) Colorectal Disease, 3rd edn. Abingdon, UK: Health Press. | Cite this reference
239 Thomas, N. (2008) Renal Nursing, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: Baillière Tindall Elsevier. | Cite this reference
240 Thomsen, H.S., Webb, J.A.W. & Aspelin, P. (eds) (2009) Contrast Media: Safety Issues and ESUR Guidelines, 2nd rev. edn. Berlin: Springer. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
241 Thomson, A. (2004) Why do therapeutic drug monitoring? Pharmaceutical Journal, 273(7310), 153–155. | Cite this reference
242 Tobin, C.M., Darville, J.M., Thomson, A.H., et al. (2002) Vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring: Is there a consensus view? The results of a UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme (UK NEQAS) for Antibiotic Assays questionnaire. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 50(5), 713–718. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
243 Tortora, G.J. & Derrickson, B.H. (2017) Principles of Anatomy & Physiology, 15th edn. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. | Cite this reference
244 Tursi, A. (2013) Colonoscopy by nurse endoscopists: The right answer for the growing demand for colonoscopy in clinical practice? Endoscopy, 45(5), 408. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
245 Ueda, K., Bayman, E.O., Johnson, C., et al. (2015) A randomized controlled trial of radial artery cannulation guided by Doppler vs palpation vs ultrasound. Anaesthesia, 70, 1039–1044. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
246 Urban, A.W. & Craig, W.A. (1997) Daily dosage of aminoglycosides. Current Clinical Topics in Infectious Disease, 17, 236–255. | Cite this reference
247 Van den Broek, U., Vandermeeren, M., Vanderschueren, D., et al. (2013) A systematic review of sperm donors: Demographic characteristics, attitudes, motives and experiences of the process of sperm donation. Human Reproduction Update, 19(1), 37–51. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
248 Van Putten, P.G., ter Borg, F., Adang, R.P., et al. (2012) Nurse endoscopists perform colonoscopies according to the international standard and with high patient satisfaction. Endoscopy, 44(12), 1127–1132. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
249 Walker, R. & Whittlesea, C. (2012) Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 5th edn. London: Churchill Livingstone. | Cite this reference
250 Waugh, A. & Grant, A. (2018) Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, 13th edn. Edinburgh: Elsevier. | Cite this reference
251 Wegerhoff, F. (2006) It's a bug's life: Specimen collection, transport, and viability. Microbe, 1, 180–184. | Cite this reference
252 Weinstein, S. & Hagle M.E. (2014) Plumer's Principles & Practice of Intravenous Therapy, 9th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. | Cite this reference
253 Weinstein, S. & Plumer, A.L. (2007) Plumer's Principles & Practice of Intravenous Therapy, 8th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. | Cite this reference
254 Welch, J. & Black, C. (2017) Respiratory problems. In: Adam, S., Osborne, S. & Welch, J. (eds) Critical Care Nursing, 3rd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.83–142. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
255 Weston, D. (2008) Infection Prevention and Control: Theory and Clinical Practice for Healthcare Professionals. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
256 White, L., Halpin, A., Turner, M. & Wallace, L. (2016) Ultrasound‐guided radial artery cannulation in adult and paediatric populations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 116(5), 610–617. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
257 WHO (World Health Organization) (2010a) WHO Guidelines on Drawing Blood: Best Practices in Phlebotomy. Geneva: World Health Organization. | Cite this reference
258 WHO (2010b) WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, 5th edn. Geneva: World Health Organization.
259 WHO (2014) Comprehensive Cervical Cancer Control: A Guide to Essential Practice. Geneva: World Health Organization.
260 WHO (2015) Guidance on Regulations for the Transport of Infectious Substances 2015–2016. Geneva: World Health Organization. | Cite this reference
261 Williams, D. (2010) Sperm banking and the cancer patient. Therapeutic Advances in Urology, 2(1), 19–34. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference
262 Winter, M.E. (2004) Basic Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 4th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. | Cite this reference
263 Witt, B. (2011) Vein selection. In: Phillips, S., Collins, M. & Dougherty, L. (eds) Venepuncture and Cannulation. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, pp.91–107. Cross Ref link | Cite this reference
264 Wo, J.Y. & Viswanathan, A.N. (2009) Impact of radiotherapy on fertility, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes in female cancer patients. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 73(5), 1304–1312. Cross Ref link Pubmed link | Cite this reference

Administrator log in: